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Brief
АК-47 Russian full name is Автомат Калашникова образца 1947 года, meaning Kalashnikov. 1947 stereotypingAutomatic RifleIs determined by the Soviet Union gunsArmed DesignerMikhail Kalashnikov TimofeevichМихаил Тимофеевич Калашников design of automatic rifles. AK is a Автомат Калашникова acronym.
　　"АК" can be pronounced in the Russian transliteration of the "Acre", so by its Russian acronym read English pronunciation is wrong.
In 1946, his Kalashnikov designed for use in the 7.62 × 39mm М1943 styleIntermediate power cartridgeThe semi-automatic rifle, based on the design of a sample can be directed bursts of fire gun (called АК-46), he designed a rotary latchBoltHas become since the design АК series of prototype firearms locking body. In the same year to participate in selection of test range. After a series of tests, and improved device and the guided gas piston system, designed with АК-47, in the sand mud environment through rigorous testing in 1947 was selected as standard equipment, the Soviet army in 1949, the final shape and formally put into mass production, in theIzhevskMilitary factories. The former Soviet Union in 1951 began to equip the armed forces to replace theXimengluofu semi-automatic carbine. In 1953 АК-47 changed the casing of the production methods, from the stamping process into a machining process. АК-47 began a large number of Soviet troops and equipment. Soviet forces are equipped with AK-47 was improved by the late 50AKMReplaced. From the 1950s to the 1980s, АК-47 series is the army and the former Soviet UnionWarsaw Treaty OrganizationNational Army standard equipment. In the 1980s, 5.45mm caliber АК-74 series equipped with the former Soviet Union after the armed forces, 7.62mm caliber АК-47 series of gradually withdrawing equipment from the Soviet standard (in fact, AKM has been in use, from the second Chechen war of images can be to see the Russian military have been used AKM). AK47 is now a substitute for the AKM.
　　АК--47SemiSolutionAUTOPSIESFigureАК-47 assault rifle belonging to an automatic rifle (semi-automatic). And the Second World WarRifleCompared, frame short, shorter range, shooting from 300 meters to keep in close combat for a more close-combat assault operations. Using derivative gas-automatic principle, airway at the top of the barrel, through the promotion of the piston bolt action. Rotary locking bolt. 7.62mm caliber, firing 7.62 × 39mm M1943-type intermediate power cartridges, 30 rounds of ammunition and arc-capacity magazine for the bombs, insurance / speed machine handles the right side of the receiver, you can choose semi-automatic or fully automatic firing mode, drawing machine handle located on the right side of casing. AK-47's insurance is very unique, top-down assault rifle in general are "insurance, semi-automatic, fully automatic," while АК-47 is an "insurance, automatic, semi-automatic." In response to unexpected situations when the soldiers were always the speed of machine pull in the end, to hold back the trigger and hold the shot all the bullets, AK-47 will only play Yi Fa, greatly saving bullet to improve safety. АК-47's bolt action and reliable, even in the continuous shooting or when there is dust and other foreign matter into the gun inside, it's mechanical structure able to ensure that it continue its work. Can be in the desert, tropical rain forest, cold and other deplorable conditions to maintain very good performance. It is said that the Vietnam War put it into the water and then a few weeks out from the water still loaded after the shooting. And it's great firepower for close combat. Simple structure, easy to break; easy to clean and repair, and logistics and good; simple, durable.
Improvement of production models in 1959АКМ(Автомат Калашникова модернизирован, namely,Kalashnikov automatic riflesModified) to a certain extent, improve the above-mentioned shortcomings. Its muzzle is a oblique incision in order to achieve muzzle brake effect. Meanwhile, the further use of stamping, welding technology, synthetic materials, reducing weight, low production costs, facilitate mass production, in addition to the shell back the clock occasionally broken, the failure rate is lowMoreSouthWarCompeteNewWenFigureFilmInOutIsTheАК--47.
АК-47 series of rifles is famous the world in the 1960sVietnam War, АК-47 and its imitation of China's large-scale armed North Vietnamese regular army and guerrilla groups. This automatic weapons, the soldiers in the jungle environment, deeply trusted. During the Vietnam War, said that many U.S. soldiers were dropped in the hands of harsh conditions not suited to the tropical rainforests of the bulkyM14 automatic rifleOr the frequent failure of theM16 assault rifleIn favor of the use of captured Vietnamese soldiers АК-47, only because АК-47 series of rifles have very good reliability, easy to control and intensive firepower, AK47 assault rifles for the general operations within 300 meters of the assault and assault. (Has been rumor)
The Soviet Union would АК-47 series rifles and manufacturing technology and its export to the world. As АК-47 and its improved reliability of astonishing, simple structure, solid and durable, inexpensive, flexible and easy to use, and many Third World countries and even in Western countries or the anti-government armed forces are widely used АК-47 series of rifles. The parties to the conflict in some areas are very willing to use АК-47. In addition, there are many countries in the world, copying or license the production, including East Germany (imitation model Mpi-47),The former Yugoslavia,Hungary,China(China imitation-type long known as theType 56 submachine gun, 56-type assault rifles, etc.),Poland,Romania, Bulgaria, Egypt,Cuba,KoreaAnd so on, into the 21st century, it is still in production. АК-47 design ideas also affected Israel, Finland, China and other countries infantry light weapons design: such as IsraelGalil assault rifleChina81 automatic rifle, 56-style assault rifles. АК-47 series rifles are the most widely used rifle weapons. The extent of its extensive history of light weapons may only beMauser rifleAndColt revolverComparable. Is because of the Kalashnikov series of rifles АК widespread use around the world are also known as the "World Double Tap. "

Development History
In 1944, Kalashnikov designed a firing 7.62 × 39mm М1943 intermediate power cartridge-type semi-automatic carbine, usingGuided gas -Auto principle, piston and piston rod fixed together, but the box is not connected with the machine guns, magazine capacity of 10 rounds at the top of the airway in the barrel, this gun uses rotary latch bolt, latch-clockwise rotation of the nose There are two large symmetrical latch suddenly shoots. This lock mode is a direct reference to the U.S.M1 rifle-type GarlandThe. However, the semi-automatic carbine in the rotation on the nose is the result of the Kalashnikov improvements, relatively long, spin faster, greatly increased the reliability of the latch body movements.
Development of AK-47 is starting from such semi-automatic rifles, this carbines latch body to further improve the Kalashnikov has become from 1945 to 1990 developed between the core part of all automatic weapons, the system has experienced 50 years of practical application of the test confirmed that the reliability of a very superior, so this system has also been known as Kalashnikov system.
This semi-automatic carbine 1945 model is the 1944 pilot test an improved version of semi-automatic carbine, basic features, like tubular handle is located in the upper right of the drawing machine. Magazine designed to change. But the barrel above the gas chamber, a bit like aSimonovThe SKSSemi-automatic rifle, The shape of Gas devices also have been some of the clues of the AK-47MHaIraqEr*SeasonMoFeeYeVictoriaQi*CardLaEvenNepalSectionFu.
In 1946, Kalashnikov assault rifles began to design. In this semi-automatic carbines based on the design of a fully automatic rifle, and sent to participate in the national selection trials range. Kind of gun is calledAK-46, 1946-style automatic rifles. Gas installations and bolt guide is basically the original design of the semi-automatic carbine, the use of punch riveting receiver, launching bodies have two kinds of single-shot and fully automatic, firing sear on the trigger; 30 fat curved entrance magazines casing bottom, insurance / speed machine handle in the left side of receiver, pistol grip, rifle butts, the former and retaining wood grips are made of wood, and the cylindrical muzzle brake.
AK-47 type experimental operating principle and AK-46 the same, except that: piston, piston rod and gun body fused the first time the program - together with screw fixation. Casing is a stamping, and casing the front and the barrel is fixed, insurance / speed machine handles were first placed in the right side of casing. Gas chamber without conditioning, drawing machine handle on the right. AK-47 type 2 is characterized by the experimental gun changed the gas chamber, piston, piston rod design. Extended guide holes to increase the gas chamber of the powder into the gas, lead pump position between the bottom and the barrel are discouraged hole, the piston rod has four grooves. Muzzle brake to dual-chamber structure. Test No. 3 gun changed the design of gas chamber, so that the derivative of cylindrical air piston in the indoor air conductivity in the fully enclosed state of the piston rod has four grooves. Introduction of a new muzzle brake.Article1Type
AK-47 assault rifle (No. 1) is the ultimate shape and formally put into production in 1949 of the AK-47 assault rifles, this weapon is developed for the mechanized infantry, the same year the Soviet Union formally adopted by the military AK-47. This model does not bayonets, casing, and many parts stamping process is used to produce, the use of stamping process has the advantage of low material consumption and production efficiency. Many people consider this early in AK-47 called the "No. 1" in order to distinguish between 1951 and 1953 production of AK-47.
　　Article2Type1951 test type (type 2) was produced in 1951, the main change is to shift the production method from the press casing into the production machining. By mechanical milling out of the casing has the advantage of relatively strong, but the drawback is relatively heavy, and material consumption, high production costs, low productivity, the production of such a weight of not more than 0.65kg milling receiver, a need to start actually 2.65kg of steel. Fired bodies, have been strengthened with rifle butts, and grip and an increase in a single-blade bayonet. This new production of AK-47 is known as "Type 2", but very little production of type 2, it was soon replaced by section 3.
　　Article3TypeAK-47 (No. 3) is stereotyped in 1953, mainly to improve the butt of the first type 2 connection, in particular, simplifies the casing of the mechanical processing methods make it easier for mass production. This model was officially known as the "7,62 mm Light-Weight Kalashnikov Assault Rifle (AK)", namely "7.62mm Kalashnikov assault rifles, a light," many called it as "Article 3." It is noteworthy that, regardless of machining method to use What is the purpose, the first three types of milling casing than the first type of stamping a lighter casing. Also the first 3 improvements also include magazines, using light metal's new magazine also increased in intensity, but also with the original steel magazines interchangeable; In addition, the butt of a rifle connections have also been streamlining and consolidation, this series of improvements to the overall weight of assault rifle-type lighter than the first one, while the ballistic performance is entirely consistent with the first type 1.

Structural characteristics
AK-47 assault rifles and reliability, orderly and good; a solid and durable, the failure rate is low; structure is simple, break down easily, durable. However, bursts of fire at gunpoint to jump when the serious impact of precision, continuous shooting, the baseline degree of very poor; and small-caliber rifle, system quality, large, portable inconvenience. Are equipped with a fixed-type rifle butts and wooden folding metal butt two kinds.
Rifle barrel, then screw together with the casing, the rifled part of the length 369mm, chrome-plated barrel. Whether in high or low temperature conditions, the shooting performance are good. Casing made of machined forgings. Magazine made of steel or light metal, no matter what the weather conditions can be interchangeable.
　　Firing mechanism for the rotary hammer, firing directly control the hammer to achieve a single hair and bursts. Launch is principally composed of machine frame, not in place, insurance, sear, trigger, speed machines, single lever, hammer, not in place insurance, resistance composed of iron. Speed machine is located in the right side of the gun. When the speed of aircraft is scheduled to auto-mounted position, single rear sear salient salient was suppressed under the speed of machine and can not rotate, so buckle not live hammer. At this time, sear the state withholding hammer blow to be made. Withhold the trigger after the sear relief hammer, rotary hammer firing. Since then, as long as the withholding and hold the trigger, sear, and sear both single buckle not live hammer, only not in place insurance card shoots can be withstood sear hammer slot. When the machine frame re-entry is not in place the insurance in place screwdown sear rod drive, the card slot bamboo that is from the hammer, rotary hammer firing. Thereafter, repeat the above-mentioned actions, to achieve bursts. When the speed of aircraft is scheduled for semi-mounted position, starting firing shells before the hammer sear withholding made to be hit the state. Withhold the trigger after the sear relief hammer, single rotary sear forward together also. If the withholding trigger link, and then firing machine frame after the hammer has been overwhelmed same time we were single blocking iron withholding. At this point, since the Airport box is not re-enter in place, not in place insurance, driving rod sear upward lift, card shoot, and there is a little gap between the hammer slot. When the machine frame recoil in place, again, relief is not in place insurance, sear, the hammer sear withhold sheet issued, if the re-launch, you must first release the trigger, so that single escape hammer sear, hammer attendant was shot fat once again into the sear to hold back the state to be hit. If the machine frame re-entry is not in place, bolt latch is not really. At this point, the liberation of sudden shoots machine frame is not in place is not depressed insurance, so insurance does not shoot from the sear hammer card slot. Thus, even withhold the trigger, hammer can not move forward rotation, so the formation of the insurance is not in place. Speed machine handle at the top position, under which salient to withstand single sear and the trigger back after the salient salient to the right, it does not trigger button to achieve insurance. If the hammer at this time to be hit in the position, a chamber within the cartridge, because deduction is not the trigger, hammer can not be relieved, so the formation of the rear security. If the hammer in firing position at this time because the deduction does not trigger, sear can not move forward rotation, hammer and pour it and he was blocking iron block, machine frame, after only a short distance from the seat can not be inside the magazine bullet promote the chamber, so the formation of the front of the insurance.
Rifle sighting devices with mechanical sight is also equipped with night-vision sights. Cylindrical front sight and rear sight has a U-shaped gap in the door can be flipped according to the annex, built-in compact fluorescent material 221. Rear sight partition of 100 ~ 800m, a sub-classified as 100m, combat rear sight set by 300m. However, targeting the use of sight, only for the level of the upper and lower screw fixed sight correction and can not be partial amendment to the wind, and shooting at night, often mistaken for the front sight is a sight nursing wings.
Automatic air rifle for the lead type, locking bolt rotary manner, can be implemented single bursts of fire, fixed gun butt full length 870MM, folding gun Toto stretched full-length 870MM, child care discount real 645MM, GUN tube length 415MM, the whole gun weight 4.3KG, magazine capacity of 30 hair, muzzle velocity 710 meters / sec, theoretical rate of fire 600 rounds / min effective range of 300 meters.

Shortcomings Comprehensive
AK47 assault rifle while being recognized as a good gun, rifle in the 20th century the ranks of the most dazzling star, but its many shortcomings, from the performance that it there are also many deficiencies: АК-47 wrapped around the barrel away from the side Small, M43 grenade shells poor shape, bullet striking the target is too much stability, and destruction do not work. As the fully automatic firing guns on the dance seriously, when the bolt hit receiver box rear end of the barrel is shorter leadTarget baselineShort sight design is not ideal, and so defects, affecting the accuracy in shooting, 300 meters away can not guarantee accuracy shooting bursts of fire at a lower accuracy, and the AK-47 shell throwing throwing far, almost 2 meters. In fact, it meets with a more close encounters based on the surprise attack requirements. Bullets collide, the barrel end of the vibration will be small, resulting in decreased accuracy, and sometimes the soldiers would complain about why the design of continuous firing accuracy is poor, has little chance of a direct hit on target. M43 missile flight instability. AK-47 in modern warfare has been too far behind, and this is the former Soviet Union withdrew in 1974 after the massive facelift loaded AK-47 the main reason for the AKC-74.

Main Model
　　АК-47: AK-47 assault rifles, standard type, the final shape in 1949 and formally put into production, is developed for the mechanized infantry, the same year the Soviet Union formally adopted by the military AK-47.АКС--47
　　АКС-47 (AKS) : The folding metal butt models. Butt folded length 645 millimeters. For the airborne troops, tanks, soldiers and special units to use.
　　АКМ / АКМС: A large number of used parts stamping, welding technology, casing manufactured by stamping process instead of machining processes to reduce the weight of 3.15 kilograms. Added to the hammer trigger components deceleration devices, eliminating the end of bullets firing pin against the possibility of fire when misfiring. Installation of a simple oblique muzzle muzzle anti-lip-jump device to improve accuracy of bursts of fire when the spread. АКМС is a folding butt АКМ models.
　　РПК: In the АКМ assault rifle developed on the basis of the class with a light machine guns, RPK is the abbreviation of Kalashnikov light machine guns. Use of extended-type barrel, folding bipod (or tripod), 40 magazines and 75 bullets made for the drum shells. Weight of 5.6 kilograms. Partial close range.
　　AKN:With a night vision sight.
[Edit this paragraph]Other anecdotal
There was a saying that the AK-47 was copied in GermanyStg44 assault rifleDesigned out, the evidence is that the two look alike. But the fact Stg44 and AK-47's basic structure and principles, all have a great difference; only a contour similar to the projection mind. Stg44 and AK-47 is most similar to the design concept, but in those days, only Stg44 is the only mature technology and there is a large number of actual combat experience point of reference. AK-47 is both the essence of predecessors who combines with the designer's own technical in nature and innovative design of the rifle.
The 1970s, so a wisecrack: "The U.S. exports are Coca-Cola, Sony Japan's exports are electrical appliances, while the exports of the Soviet Union was AK-47". According to the former Soviet Union statistics, the worldwide АК-47 series of automatic rifles, 9 described as imitation, the real origin of the former Soviet Union, only about 10%.
AK-47 superior performance and the price is low, and it applies to a variety of environments, even in the desert, polar, still shine. From the world's war-torn areas of the news photo returned, you can see a wide range of AK, the AK national production slightly different shape, according to sight, protects the wood shapes, with or without folding bayonets, the barrel section sets rivets position, speed machines Stamping, casing cover stiffener, and the butt of a rifle can accurately distinguish between a variety of features such as AK's country of origin.
АК-47 was once the criminals like to use firearms. Hong Kong Police revolver in the past mainly for defensive purposes, only the points with a 38 pistol. Later, Yip Kai Foon, Ji Ping-hung, Cheung Tze-keung and his gangsters were plotting to keep the crime in Hong Kong, and is equipped with fire strong АК-47 automatic rifles, a time so that the police do nothing. Later, with improved firepower, and the strengthening of intelligence supporting various departments, and only then to reverse the situation, thus bringing the culprit to justice.
The 1980s, the U.S. drug traffickers often use АК-47 series of rifles, in the fiction section of film and television drama have also occurred frequently. The psychological impact on the public, leading the United States in 1989, the legislative ban on the import АК-47 series of rifles on the ground that has a number of so-called "assault weapons" shape characteristic.
Nicolas Cage in the movie "War of the King," so some lines: The Soviet arsenal of many weapons, there is no kind of weapon can be as or known as the AK-47 Kalashnikov automatic rifles so popular, it is the world's the most popular automatic rifle, the soldiers of the most popular weapons. From 9 pounds of metal, and 4 feet long made of wood, it will not be bad, stuck, overheating. Even if it is covered by mud or sand, it still can be a normal fire. Its use is very simple, even a child can use it, and they indeed use it. The Soviet Union put it on their coins, Mozambique put it on the flag.

Specification
　　Origin: Soviet Russian Federation
　　Inventor: Mikhail Kalashnikov Timofeevich
　　Type: Assault Rifle (semi-automatic or fully automatic), automatic rifles
　　Caliber: 7.62 mm
　　Ammunition: 7.62 × 39mm М1943 intermediate power rifle bullet
　　Magazine Capacity: 30 Fa
　　Automatic principles: Introduction gas -
　　Lock method: Rotary locking bolt
　　Air Gun weight: 4.3 kg (with empty magazine, without ammunition)
　　Full-length gun: 875 mm (fixed butt-type); 645 mm (folding butt type); 699 millimeters (generic type).
　　Target baseline: 378 mm
　　Barrel length: 415 mm
　　Rifling: 4, D-persistent, distance 240mm
　　Theoretical rate of fire: 600 rounds / min
　　Muzzle kinetic energy: 1989 J
　　Muzzle velocity: 710m / s
　　Sight Range:800m
　　Effective range: 300m
　　Sight: Columnar front sight, U-shaped gap in sight, adjustable iron sight, optional optical telescopes.
HealthProduction quantity: 70 million 100 million -1.05
Production of components: the use of stamping parts made of

Bullet Information
Bullet Name: 7.62 × 39mm M1943 intermediate power rifle bullet
Warhead structure: pointed, cone bottom, copper steel Bei Jia, lead and steel composite shells Heart
Full shell length: 56mm
Warhead length: 26.8mm
Shell length: 38.7mm
Warhead mass: 7.91g
Shell style: no flange, the bottleneck-shaped, steel or copper paint covering steel (brown) shell
Shell diameter: 11.35mm
Primer style: Boer Dan-free rust primer
Propellant: Single-pore tubular single-base drug
Loading dose: 1.6g
Average chamber pressure: 274.4MPa
All shells Quality: 16.4g

The largest number of the most effective assault weapon
The early Cold War, Moscow and Washington are trying to please through trade and arms sales to those neutral. Provide Americans with the M-1 and, later, M-4 rifle, compared to the Soviet AK are obvious advantages. Its "coarse students" very suitable for use in harsh conditions, but also more suitable for those missing weapons of the poor maintenance of points. The Soviet Union is also free of charge to a number of "brother countries" distributed "production license", including Bulgaria, East Germany, Hungary, North Korea, Poland and Yugoslavia.
At that time, the U.S. weapons experts are also immersed in the M-1 around the outdated concept of war and did not really realize the advantages of AK. During World War II, this rifle's performance is indeed impeccable, Patton also called it "the greatest instrument of war." However, it also has drawbacks, that is heavy, unwieldy and magazines can only put eight bullets inside, nor is it automatic rifles. In fact, the battlefield situation has changed, M-1 have become obsolete. One of the most important drawback is magazines. Its cartridges like canned food boxes, do not fight empty cartridges can not be re-filled. Is very troublesome.
Shangshi 80's, when the computer chip has just been applied to smart weapons, the U.S. military had a major commander said with emotion, "No matter how much we and the Soviet Union produce weapons of a sophisticated weapons, have also to deal with an armed assault rifle The Lone Ranger, this is the hardest thing in the world. "
AK assault rifles, of course, integrated into the popular culture. In 2004, the "Playboy" magazine put it with Apple notebook computers, video recorders such as birth control pills, and Sony together as "change the world of the 50 products." In the film "Dangerous Liaisons", the actor Samuel L. Jackson once again voiced its global importance, "When you really want to kill everyone in the room when, AK-47 is the best choice, AK47's medium-sized bullet can be fired a second after going to that person's life. "