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Caliber:
Introduction
81 automatic rifles areChinaA standard military equipmentRifle.
In 1979, the research task assigned in 1981 designs have been
finalized in 1983 and put into mass production, the official
equipmentPeople's Liberation Army. Including the use of wood
is called a fixed rifle 81 automatic rifles, using folding
metal butt is called 81-1 automatic rifles. 81 automatic rifles
and light machine gun Type 81 7.62 mm formedType 81 gun family.
These three kinds of weapons, the main structure of the same,Automata,
Complex into the machine, firing mechanism, guide and cooling
systems, for the bullet in the gun with both guns used interchangeably
within the family, about 65 kinds of generic parts can be
interchangeable. Together with other components common rate
of 70%.
Type 81 gun family development objective is to use a class
of equipment is being replaced by a gun family56-style semi-automatic
rifle(ImitationSKS semi-automatic rifle),Type 56 submachine
gun(ImitationAK47), AndType 56 light machine gun(Imitation
RPD light machine gun), still use 1956-type 7.62 × 39mm bullet.
Since 1978, a formal decision will be adopted in future 5.8mmCaliberThe
small-caliber automatic rifles, so development of 81 gun family
is aimed at equipmentSmall-bore rifleProvided prior to a transition-type
weapons. But by actual proof, 81-type gun family is an excellent
weapon, good accuracy and reliability, operation and maintenance
is simple, performed well in actual combat. Type 81 rifle
military assistance to African countries too.
Essential to adapt to the emergence of ethnic rifle shot multi-purpose,
gun family series, ammunition, general-purpose-oriented trends,
greatly facilitate the training, use and maintenance, not
only to enhance the combat effectiveness of combat units,
but also for exchange of firearms, enhance provides the conditions
for fire. Type 81 gun family also revealed a lack of new structures,
new technologies, new materials, innovation and application,
and even appearance with the 56-type assault rifle is also
very much the same. However, 81 gun family's achievements
and experience, especially open-shell drum innovation, in
order to rifle a new research and development to create the
conditions.
Structural characteristics
81 automatic rifles, as requested in a short time to complete
the design of transition-type gun, 81 gun family all adopt
proven technology and design, using short-stroke piston gas
system guide, and other similar structures and 56-type assault
rifles. Type 81 rifle length of 950mm, barrel length 440mm,
ranging from 56-style semi-automatic rifles and 56-type assault
rifles between.
81 automatic rifles, automatic air using lead type,BoltRotaryAtresia,
Can be implemented single bursts of fire, use the 1956-type
7.62 mm bullets, with 30 hairMagazineFor the bombs, warheads,
muzzle velocity 720 meters / second, a fixedGrenadesEmission
can be used withBlank60 mm anti-tank grenade launchers can
also be usedLiveFiring 40 mm grenades series.
Comparison of quasi-constellation 81-style rifles AK47 let
out a barrel, after the move, firing rocket-propelled grenades
for use, but ignores the design unit is indeed on the use
of probability terms, the design of muzzle fire hat is more
practical and more cost-effective; and Type 81 RifleTarget
baselineAlso too short relative shortcomings. However, his
shooting accuracy of better than 56 assault rifles, which
should be a longer barrel, manufacturing precision, higher
precision measures, and maintenance of better than 56 assault
rifles significant relationship.
81-style rifle to be the main components interchangeable with
the Type 81 light machine guns common, so life must be part
of the life requirements machine guns (20,000 rounds), but
not too heavy weight of a rifle. 56-style assault rifles from
the casing structure of read-piercing riveting life as a 10,000-fat,
but also difficult to guarantee, often locking the shoulder
section sets the root of the cracks; because the Type 81 rifle
locking component structure and 56-type assault rifle is basically
the same, but also piercing riveting receiver, according to
20,000 hair-life requirements, saving set of latch shoulder
area must be the weakest link. Taken up measures are: to change
the pre-transfer liner section puts on the assembly of iron
in the form of locking position to maintain the integrity
of the roots without weakening locking shoulder strength,
and strengthened the section of the right set of locking the
substrate surface and its horizontal and vertical connections.
Automatic machine movement, to open a direct impact on latch
arms firing accuracy, especially for rifle-shooting accuracy
of the more obvious. To improve the accuracy in shooting 81
gun family around the automaton-based juice taken a number
of comprehensive measures. To strengthen the movement of automatic
machine guidance, machine frame, together with the recoil
track length of the auxiliary rail is in place. A length of
110mm, the corresponding head shot with the Department and
the machine frame length is 70mm, so that each of rounds of
the locking state as far as possible the same. They move closer
to the receiver guide, recoil spring, piston and barrel, the
distance between the center line. To minimize the barrel axis
and the vertical distance between the piston axis, with the
barrel center distance of 18.5mm (56-type assault rifles to
25mm), receiver rail center is located in the top of the barrel
6mm, and the piston, recoil spring center side, the Automatic
machine to make smooth motion, moving parts to reduce mass,
reduce the role of dynamic duality. Reduce the impact the
movement to prevent firing when the gun the whole vibrationFixed
fireAccuracy. Bolt movement a longer stroke 130mm (56 semi-automatic
rifles to 100mm), to ensure automatic machine back and re-enter
the appropriate power, control, shooting a reasonable frequency,
before and after the collision plane in place as close to
the barrel center and symmetrical. However, the resulting
trigger guard ring and the distance between the magazine seat
is too long and beautiful appearance is not enough.
Automatic function overload will lead to a serious collision
automaton affect shooting accuracy and parts life; energy
is too small will not meet reliability requirements. Therefore,
Type 81 with a regulatory function of the conductivity and
cooling systems, in the normal state with small holes (?2.1)
shooting, firing rate at 600 ~ 700 rpm, automatic machine
back in place the speed is less than 2.5m / s. Even if the
retreat is not in place, in the 30mm does not affect body
movement within. Under the harsh environmental conditions
in the fire, then with large holes (?4.2), given enough energy
to overcome the wind and sand, cold, dirt caused by too much
resistance, to ensure reliable operation automaton. When launching
rifle grenades, to make all the gas energy acting on the grenade
launcher, for the closure of stomata, automated machines can
not play sports.
56-style assault rifles do not stomatal adjustment device,
and only one large holes (?4.5), shooting when the crash violently
from start to finish, although the assurance and reliability,
but the effect of the gun firing accuracy and the entire life
span. Type 81 rifle gas system is simple guide, loading and
unloading is also very convenient. Plug the first set of pistons
and regulation together, and then guided into gas-hoop, the
discharge time is also back out with. Regulation Cypriot large
and small holes positioned on the cover by lining pipe, played
the role of spring-chip implementation, simple and reliable,
more than one use. Adjustment plug change, the use of shell
into the bottom of the bottom edge of the T-shaped slot adjustment
stuffed, moving to adjust plug shell aligned T-shaped slot
0 (breath), a (small pores), 2 (big hole). This adjustment
method avoids the need to use specialized tools to adjust
the trouble. In the battlefield, the need to transfer holes,
the soldiers could be at any time. A large number of projectiles
will not be hot after the tone holes.
Type 81 rifle gas system of defects lead for lead air hoop,
regulation plugs, piston co-ordination among the more stringent
clearance requirements. Gap is too small, not flexible; gap
is too large then the impact of energy. Automatic machine
velocity is not enough, the so-called sensitive to the gap.
Therefore, calling for strict control of production with the
gap in use must be normal to wipe to remove residue and ensure
flexibility.
Type 81 rifle Type 56 submachine gun firing mechanism is still
rotary hammer, blocking iron hook form, but lower than 56
impulse transmitter easier. Hammer, firing machine, sear were
identical with the three-axis inserted in receiver, the three-axis
fixed to the receiver with a card can not sprang the card
by the speed of machines to fixed, so loading and unloading
decomposition of the transmitter is very convenience, without
any special tools, in the field can be broken down with the
scene. Speed machines transform handle the left side of the
receiver, grip the top, "0" for the insurance, "1"
as the single, "2" for firing, changing grip when
you hold the right hand with the thumb can change, quickly
and easily . But it must be in strict accordance with the
instructions can not be held hostage pull bodies, insurance,
or re-open the insurance became a firing state (but how many
people would be held hostage pull bodies insurance all).
Targeting system for cylindricalSight,Sight, And the gap-typeSight.
Rifle aimed at a long baseline 315mm, front sight High-40mm,
rear sight partition 1 to 5 yards. Machine guns aimed at the
baseline length 490mm, rear sight partition 1 to 7 yards,
of which 6,7 yards when the need to use care wing on the rear
sight plate gap targeting. Table Size Gao sight round of multi-faceted
orientation axis transformation. Transform yards high, rotating
wheel or rear sight rear sight limitations wheel to achieve.
Right-hand man can be bound rear sight, rear sight plate on
both sides of a rear sight base of the branch ear protection
against touch, pressure, damage sight board.
56-style assault rifles and 56 semi-automatic rifle sight
exposed, back when the gun is very easy to sight the clothes
wear white ridges, resulting in false light affect targeting.
81-style rear sight there is a gap in protection above the
wing, to solve this problem, but obscure the spinal reflex
sight, we can more clearly aim at. From the rear sight retaining
ridge formed between the wing and the rear sight and the sight
of the bar groove guard ring constitutes a fast-sighting system,
in an emergency situation, simply put the rear sight plate
alignment sight nursing care wing tank traps firing on a target
can be both fast and accurate.
Rear sight on the multi-faceted shaft also suppress the role
of cover. When the rear sight rotation to 0 yards, they can
break down with the cover. In order to prevent the conversion
table size is high, sight-round mistake to 0 yards, on the
cover self-decomposition, multi-faceted shaft in the rear
sight the other side (left side) is limited rounds. When you
want to break down on the cover, it should be horizontal wheel
or rear sight limitations tic sight round, before being transferred
to 0 yards.
For shells made of steel with a magazine orDrum, Conventional
equipment is equipped with five 30 rifles hair magazine, machine
guns, 75 bullets with four drums, and another 20 rounds magazine
for normal duty. Rifles, machine guns, bombs and of full swap
for GM.
75-fat fast-loading drum structure is a flat cylinder capacity
of shells, in the circumference of the side an a magazine
out of the mouth shape of shells mouth. For the bomb installed
in the bomb by the body's scroll spring driven drum rotating
Jog Dial to make bullet shells along the spiral track of the
body's rotating drum, followed by mouth has been sent to the
missile launch Drum loaded bolt firing. As the Jog Dial on
the loader to push the role, playing the drum inside the 75
rounds can be loaded all the shooting finished. Type 81 Drum
Drum RPK than Russia's, its advantage is that loading, back
shells can be quickly. Click scroll knob compression springs,
and rescuing the scroll spring, open the shells drum cover,
push the loader spin to the last position, can be loading.
Bullet head down and inserted the space to the Jog Dial on
the release, regardless of the order, you can put your hands
inserted can also be inserted at the same time released two,
very rapidly. Drum cover elastic cap, tighten scroll spring-loaded
into the gun can be shot dead. Normally, for the protection
of Drum spring, may not have to tighten. When you need to
exit the bullets inside the drum shells, just relief Drum
spring, open the shells drum cover elastic drum can be turned
about to pour out of bullets. Therefore, fast-loading drum-type
81 is also very popular in foreign countries to enjoy, and
exported to the United States has been on the market for a
variety of civil AK rifles, for the shells with.
Type 81 hasShort position hangingInstitutions, when the magazine
lighting inside the cartridge when the bolt self-parked in
the back to facilitate the timely replacement shooter loaded
magazines and filling. Light machine guns on the hook with
the same body, when using the magazine shoot, they can play
the role of short positions hanging; when shooting with the
Drum, the effect can not afford to hang, but the machine-gun
fire continued strong, and the barrel heating up high, so
Type 81 light machine gun battle space can be used to manually
hang up, speed up the barrel cooling, to compensate for deficiencies
in the barrel can not be quickly replaced. Shooting, the need
to pull the bolt back, you can filled with loaded to continue
shooting.
81-style rifle, grip, upper and lower cover is still availableCatalpaThis
is because at that time masterPlasticsTechnical failure to
produce suitable material, we are still wood. Folding butt
is to use steelStampingMolding, plastic sheeting installed
on both sides, easy to paste gills, grip, built-care accessories
box. Wooden folding butt did not care feel good, but it can
be stretched butt off, so that the gun short, more convenient.
Therefore, a large number of equipment in order to collapse
the main gun. 81 folding butt stretch, we could automatically
compensate for gaps, eliminating loose, easy to improve shooting
accuracy. Butt size in line with the general shape of soldiers,
bayonets kill, also can be on a solid grip. However, shortcomings
in the butt started, if forced to the right against self-butt
will be able to fold, this issue has yet to be adjusting structural
dimensions to be addressed.
Type 81 muzzle device has noise reduction, flash suppressor
and recoil the role of anti-hop, but also doubles as a grenade
launcher. Therefore, its appearance is an outer diameter 22mm,
length 125mm, fixed on the barrel grenade launchers. Transmitters
are located in full on the guide ring, there is a good orientation
and the role of breath. Grenade launchers to be shut down
guide holes, so that all gas-fired rocket-propelled grenades
on the role of energy are. Rifle grenade sight with its own
board. Because the size of grenade launcher is an international,
so the scope of use is more extensive. Due to double as grenade
launchers, by the structure, size limitations, the front cavity
less space, can not play a role in flame extinction, so 81-style
rifle muzzle flame depends on the Elimination of the guide
holes on the adjustment of the barrel center and center of
the barrel angle to progressive realization. The angle from
90 °, 60 °, 40 °, 30 ° until 26 °, when the gun shooting flame
descending to 26 ° when the flame disappeared.
56 semi-automatic rifle and later improved 56-style assault
rifles loaded Tri-bayonets, not dismantle, can only be folded,
and only a single kill function, an increase of the additional
weight of the gun. Type 81 early in the development, for the
bayonet is brought down from the gun also been some controversy.
Carry forward the courageous advocate Cidaojianhong win against
the spirit of the past in modern warfare, bayonet drill, but
few opportunities, though still need a bayonet, but it has
multiple functions. The final conclusion is: the bayonet is
the anti-loaded into the gun is bayonets and unloaded to when
the dagger. Therefore, 81 of the bayonet-style double as daggers
to use, but do not have other functions.BayonetAs an independent
part, by the bayonet, scabbard, hanging with the composition.
The sword-shaped blade portion length 170mm, not open edge.
Bayonet on both sides of a longitudinal strengthening ribs
sudden, sudden muscle blood groove on both sides of concave
surface, chrome-plated opal. Shank brown plastic handle. Bayonet
length 300mm, weight 0.22kg. Sheath for the Army green plastic
case, the weight of 0.072kg. The degree of excellent steel
knife, although the original design is not a multi-bayonets,
but the bayonet combat units often used for digging, plane,
climbing, forced open the cans.
56-style semi-automatic rifle, although the firing accuracy
is better, but only single shot, 10 rounds magazine capacity
of hair, can not replace the magazine, only Once on shore,
can only be added that the lack of firepower deficiencies
in self-defense in the 79-year war has been exposed. 56-style
assault rifles while fierce firepower and reliability, but
the single bursts poor accuracy. 81 automatic rifle design
requirements for the same time instead of 56-style semi-automatic
rifles and 56-type assault rifles, to heavy firepower and
accuracy in shooting together. It is equipped with a 81 gun
family units reflected a good rifle shooting accuracy. Combat
troops have also reflected in a distance of more than 100
meters, with two 81 automatic rifles to suppress the enemy
bunker loophole, it can not be fired. Based on the initial
four years of production acceptance testing of precision drawn
gun records, statistics 127 guns, each gun in the 100m prone
position are relying on single-shot three targets, each target
20 shots, each shot three targets reached an average of R50.
127 guns overall average R50 = 3.942cm. 56-style semi-automatic
rifle, a 10-year smoking gun statistical precision of test
records, R50 overall average = 4.7cm. The 56-type assault
rifles and technical conditions of production requirements
R50 ≤ 6cm, actually difficult to achieve. As for the Type
81 rifle, rifle-shooting accuracy, in the above test statistics
(quarterly pumping pilot ejaculation degrees), 24 guns on
average 70% of the intensive sector, 20.2 × 17.44 (direction
× height cm). Similarly, in the early years of production
Type 81 light machine gun smoke gun accuracy test statistics,
32 guns single overall average R50 = 3.59cm, 20 guns rifle-shooting-intensive
sector, 70% of the total average 16.67 × 15.84 (direction
× height cm).
[Edit this paragraph]Overall rating
81 gun family design, through the cold, heat, wind and sand,
submerge degree of rivers, sea water immersion test of strict
conditions, after the practice of combat troops and equipment,
fault rarely. In the development phase water immersion test
done 26 times on the early days have been premature ignition,
firing rocket-propelled grenades off when the casing cover,
rear sight automatically jumping yards and so on, but they
improved to be resolved, but the corrosion resistance is still
unsatisfactory. A large number of production quality is stable,
each time pumping life test guns, rifles firing 15,000 rounds
in the process achieved without any failure, crack-free parts,
without any functional failure condition.
81-style rifle in simplifying the structure of productive,
such as automatic machine, transmitter, receiver and other
than a simple 56-style assault rifles. To receiver, for example,
same-piercing riveting receiver, 81-style casing stiffness,
strength, manufacturing process much better. Casing body thickness
of 1.5mm 50 steel plate by stamping made, box-shaped cross
section, shape, simple, large tendons on both sides highlight
the increase in rigidity, the front section set with the riveting,
central parts of the lining iron support, rear Tailstock fixed,
machine cartridges of the stiffness, strength to be assured
there is no deformation of the use and production. Receiver
of the rail, creative layer only, was formed in the casing
body stamping the abolition of the general gun receiver with
the next track on both to facilitate production.
81-style rifle ignore the advanced nature of the structure,
new materials, new processes are not many, did not require
the installation of optical sights. Even the appearance did
not own characteristics, sometimes called Type 81 foreign
countries on the AK, even affected the export trade. Generated
because of this problem has its historical background, because
the arguments already given 81 gun family set the bit, is
a "transitional weapons", do not need more new techniques,
new equipment, new technology inputs, only requires the ability
to fast prototype production, to the original product has
a better process economy and inheritance. After nearly 10
years of production assessment process at that time, technology,
equipment and backward conditions, to meet high-volume production
and guarantee a stable quality requirements. While not designed
to use more new materials, new processes, new technologies.
However, its process economy is also in line with the advantages
of China's national conditions.
81 automatic rifle performance data
Diameter: 7.62mm steel core bullet
Velocity: 750m / s
Theoretical rate of fire: 600 - 750 rounds / min
Gun weight: 3.4Kg/3.5Kg
Gun length: 955mm (81) / 730mm (81-1)
Magazine Capacity: 30
Effective range: 400m (warhead flight to 400M still be able
to penetrate the A3 steel plate 8 mm. Loose soil 40 cm)
2000m within the warhead has a destructive
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